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2023-05-02 Megan Coleman Olivia Apartments Charlene Way From:Chris Johnson Sent:Saturday, July 8, 2023 11:52 AM To:Megan Coleman; Charlene Way Cc:Clerks Comment Subject:RE: Costco Development CUP, MDA H-2023-0007 - City of Meridian & Mayor Simison - Letter Regarding Costco's Modification Request to Delivery Times Ms. Coleman, On Friday, July 7, 2023, we received a request from the Application for the Costco Development H-2023-0007 to withdraw their application. The letter requesting withdrawal is being uploaded to the project folder (https://bit.ly/H- 2023-0007). You are receiving this email because you signed up to speak at the hearing. I am removing the link to sign up since there will be no hearing. I hope to be able to update the City’s website as well as NextDoor. Please feel free to share this information with others who may be interested in the application. Please let me know if you have any questions. Have a great weekend. Chris Johnson, M.Ed., CMC, IdCMC City Clerk | City of Meridian 33 E. Broadway Ave., Meridian, Idaho 83642 Phone: 208.888.4433|Email: cjohnson@meridiancity.org All e-mail messages sent to or received by City of Meridian e-mail accounts are subject to the Idaho law, in regards to both release and retention, and may be released upon request, unless exempt from disclosure by law. From: Megan Coleman <mcoleman@tablerockres.com> Sent: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 8:06 AM To: Charlene Way <cway@meridiancity.org> Cc: Clerks Comment <comment@meridiancity.org> Subject: Re: Costco Development CUP, MDA H-2023-0007 - City of Meridian & Mayor Simison - Letter Regarding Costco's Modification Request to Delivery Times External Sender - Please use caution with links or attachments. Thank you very much Charlene. From: Charlene Way <cway@meridiancity.org> Sent: Tuesday, May 2, 2023 7:09 AM To: Megan Coleman <mcoleman@tablerockres.com> Cc: Clerks Comment <comment@meridiancity.org> 1 Subject: RE: Costco Development CUP, MDA H-2023-0007 - City of Meridian & Mayor Simison - Letter Regarding Costco's Modification Request to Delivery Times \[EXTERNAL EMAIL\] DO NOT CLICK links or attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Megan: Thank you for your comments. They have been made available in the project folder for review. To access Public Hearing Notice Information, find online at: https://apps.meridiancity.org/phnotices/ To access Public Hearing Process Information, find online at https://meridiancity.org/government/public-meeting- information/ Have a wonderful day, Charlene Charlene Way, Assistant City Clerk (Working remote on Thursdays and Fridays) City Clerk Office| City of Meridian 33 E. Broadway Ave., Meridian, Idaho 83642 Phone: 208.888.4433|Email: cway@meridiancity.org All e-mail messages sent to or received by City of Meridian e-mail accounts are subject to the Idaho law, in regards to both release and retention, and may be released upon request, unless exempt from disclosure by law. From: Megan Coleman <mcoleman@tablerockres.com> Sent: Monday, May 1, 2023 3:43 PM To: Sonya Allen <sallen@meridiancity.org>; City Clerk <CityClerk@meridiancity.org> Subject: Costco Development CUP, MDA H-2023-0007 - City of Meridian & Mayor Simison - Letter Regarding Costco's Modification Request to Delivery Times External Sender - Please use caution with links or attachments. Hello Sonya Allen & Meridian City Clerk's Office, 2 Please see attached the letter to Mayor Simison & City of Meridian regarding Costco's modification request to delivery times. Included in the documented are the cited source reports & below is the Dropbox link for the videos discussed within the document. May we please have this included in the Costco Development CUP, MDA H-2023-0007 projects report?  https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/dnpdxa5oam4hkh66t8dlh/h?dl=0&rlkey=c9qecqgdi1z932zm44vxm503k Thank you for your time, Megan Coleman | Community Manager Olivia Apartments LiveOlivia.com 3400 W. Lost Rapids Meridian, ID 83646 208-888-7040 - Office oliviamgr@tablerockres.com 3 Dear Mayor Simison,our City of Meridian City Council,and the City of Planning and zoning commissioners, Tablerock Residential is reaching out to you on behalf of Olivia Apartments regarding Costco Wholesale's request to amend the existing Development Agreement [Inst.#2018-069279 (H-2018-0004), amended as Inst. #2018-114828 H-2018-0066)], to prohibit deliveries between the hours of 10:OOpm-5:OOam, to between the hours of 11:OOpm-3:OOam. Evidence obtained from our investigations of Costco delivery truck noise generated from the South side of Costco & off Lost Rapids, East of the Olivia Apartments, is impacting residents. At least 61 apartment homes or approximately 122 residents may be subject to noise pollution. As stated by the United States Environment Health Agency"Studies have shown that there are direct links between noise & health. Problems related to noise include stress related illnesses, high blood pressure, speech interference, hearing loss, sleep disruption and lost productivity". To protect the well-being of Olivia Apartment residents our request is to keep the originally approved development agreement from July 24th,2018,that allows Costco deliveries between the hours of 5:00am- 10:00pm. Figure 1—Southside Drive Isle between Olivia Apartments/Costco& Eastside potential delivery truck travel path to the Costco drive-isle. Costco --- ;y t �- �;,,- drive-isle Lost Rapids Road - +i &East side street :u r AS - — - . om-.t .`..�. .`.41 On April 41h 2023 at 5:44am the Tablerock team gathered decibel readings and videos of the delivery traffic through the drive-isle on the South side of Olivia from third floor apartment home unit G302. Decibel readings were observed reaching up to 72.2 dBA with a count of three delivery trucks of varying sizes between the hours of 5:30am & 7:OOam. Based on the guidelines by HUD and as mentioned within the Costco Noise Assessment, decibel readings exceeding 65 dB but not exceeding 75 dB fall within the "normally unacceptable" category. As stated by HUD "If the exposure is between 65 dB and 75 dB you should consider alternative locations or providing adequate attenuation with the first preference, as we've noted, being for the construction of some kind of barrier to prevent noise from reaching the site. If providing adequate attenuation is impossible or impractical,then the project should be considered unacceptable." They additionally stated that "the key to the effectiveness of a barrier is whether it breaks the line of sight between the source and the receiver. If a barrier does not break the line of sight either because it is not high enough, or not long enough then its effectiveness is greatly reduced". Since the berm &fence between Olivia Apartments&the Costco Southside drive-isle does not go high enough to completely break the line of sight,the barrier is not adequately effective to prevent noise pollution to the residents on the 2nd & V floor apartments. See link to videos reflecting this concern. Furthermore,the homes along the east side of Olivia and off Lost Rapids do not have fencing or berm that would limit truck noise from impacting all floor levels of apartments. Please see link for videos& photos reflecting this concern. Regarding the Costco noise assessment, Yantis Acoustics placed the microphone in an area which is further from the G ,H & I buildings which are more impacted by the delivery traffic. If the calculations were based on windows closed by E & F Building,this would be substantially lower than what was observed by management and not an accurate representation of the harmful noise pollution that would be expressed during delivery hours. Figure 2—HUD residential sound guidelines. Day-NightNoise Zone Acceptable Not exceeding None 65 dB Normally unacceptable Above 65 dB • Environmental assessment and but not exceeding 75 dB attenuation required for new construction • Attenuation strongly encouraged for major rehabilitation Mote:An environmental impact statement is required If the project slle Is largely undeveloped or Will encourage incompatible development. Unacceptable Above 75 dB • Environmental Impact statement required • Attenuation required for new construcrion with approval by the Assistant Secretary of CPa or Certifying Officer Figure 3—Location of the third floor unit at Olivia apartments where decibel readings& videos were taken to observe noise levels generated from the Southside Costco drive-isle. 3rd Floor apt. reading was taken. EP Aff w 1' of Costco drive-isle •`� � Figure 4—Berm&fencing along Costco drive-isle. AF - F AP Berm&fencing, _ along drive-isle A r _ S _ 1` Figure 5—Decibel reading& screenshots of videos from apartment G302 on April 41", 2023, at 5:44am. T L Figure 6—Location of Yantis Acoustics decibel reading per Costco. jo IPL ki 'w ' 5+ Ae s Figure 7—Location of G, H, 1, E& F Buildings in comparison to placement of microphone for Yantis Acoustic noise testing. Now— li Most impacted M apt.buildings s -,: Yantis microphone t - Location for noise testing _ `Al r - •ham Costco communicated their understanding of the negative impact on residents within their Noise Assessment when they cited the World Health Organization regarding the acceptable levels of sound. They stated "The World Health Organization guidelines and recommendations of (1999) include sleep interference criteria.According to the WHO, average (Leq) sound levels should not exceed 30 dba during the sleep period and if the maximum sound levels exceed (Lmax) of 45 dBA, sleep interference is likely." Costco's solution is for residents to limit window usage and instead use air conditioning. Due to the high energy cost leading to negative financial impact on residents as well as the adverse environmental effects due to the overuse of energy, we as a property management company do not think it is acceptable to require residents to limit their access to fresh air. If the hours of delivery are amended to allow traffic between 3:OOam & 11:OOpm 122+ residents may be impacted by sleep disturbances during critical sleep periods that may negatively affect their emotional, physical&economic health.We ask of you to please take into consideration our request to keep the hours of delivery to between 5:OOam-10:OOpm and reject Costco's modification request. Sincerely, Megan Coleman I Community Manager Tablerock Management Representative on behalf of Olivia Apartments YANTIS AC„Iq)U ST I C S COSTCO MERIDIAN LOADING DOCK SOUND MEASUREMENTS PREPARED FOR BARGHAUSEN CONSULTING ENGINEERS BY YANTIS ACOUSTICS MICHAEL R. YANTIS, P.E. AUGUST 31, 2022 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of the Costco's investigation to modify the receiving hours of operation at their Meridian, Idaho facility, measurements of sound created by delivery trucks and loading dock activities were made in early July 2022. Measurements were made at two locations, one near the loading dock and one near the on-site truck route south of the building. Sound from loading dock activity was the dominant audible source at the measurement locations early in the morning, but background sound from other sources dominated the environment the rest of the day. Measured levels were used to calculate the sound at the closest future residences adjacent to the Costco site. Sound at the residences is substantially less than the maximum acceptable residential sound levels per guidelines published by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Sound from loading dock activities could cause sleep interference inside the bedrooms of the residential property to the west and south, if the residents have their windows open for ventilation. However, the single family residences to the west and the apartments to the south provide air conditioning as standard features. With bedroom windows closed, the interior sound levels produced by the loading dock activity is less than World Health Organization guidelines for sleep interference. INTRODUCTION As part of the research related to changing the hours of receiving operation, measurements of sound created by delivery trucks and loading dock activities were made on July 71" and July 81h The sources of sound associated with the loading dock are delivery trucks traveling onsite and maneuvering into the loading dock, unloading sound when the semi-truck trailers are backed into the loading dock, and forklift operation inside and outside the warehouse. The loading dock is busiest first thing in the morning. Semi-trucks queue up on the south side of the warehouse, far from the loading dock, waiting for the time when they are allowed to travel to the loading dock. While waiting, they idle on the driveway south of the building. All three of the loading bays are frequently occupied early in the day. The Costco Warehouse is bordered by commercial and residential property. Residential property is to the west and south of the site. Multi-family housing was being constructed south of the site during the measurements. Similarly, high density single family housing was being constructed west of the Costco site. A landscape buffer and solid wood fence separate the Costco Warehouse from the adjacent properties. DESCRIPTION OF MEASUREMENTS Measurements were taken at two locations near the property boundary of the Costco site. One meter was set near the west property boundary, near the loading dock. The other meter was Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 3 set near the south property boundary where loading dock activity was not significant but near the on-site truck path to the loading dock. Figure 1 shows an aerial photograph of the Costco site, prior to the start of the residential construction to the west and south. Figures 2 and 3 show photos of the microphone position for each location. Measurements ran continuously for a 24-hour period. The meters recorded the sound levels each second and saved the data for later analysis. N f 'I II _ Loading Dock Location 4 Truck route on site Sculh Boundary Location —mot e. Figure 1 - Costco Meridian site and truck routes 7�= A� JAL Microphone Figure 2 - Microphone location at the west boundary, near the loading dock Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 4 k Micrflphcane Figure 3 -Microphone location at the south boundary The measurement equipment is listed in Table 1. ........ ........ ........ ................. .... ......... ......... ......... ......... Measurement Location Measurement Equipment Serial Number ....... ......... ......... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................;............................................................ ................................ Loading Dock Rion NIL 52 Sound Level Meter 764975 hBoundary Location Ri nNL 2 n Level M r 1 4 South 0 5 Sou dMeter 33 83 Table 1 - Measurement equipment Loading dock activity was observed from 4:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. and sporadically between 10:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. It was not observed between 10:00 p.m. and 4:30 a.m. A log of loading dock activity was taken while onsite and correlated with the time history of the sound level measurements. SURROUNDING PROPERTY The zoning map of the area is shown in Figure 4. Property closest to the loading dock is to the west and is zoned R-15, residential with 15 residences per acre. Property south of the Costco site is zoned R-40, residential with 40 residences per acre. Both properties are currently under development, with high density single family housing being constructed to the west and apartments being constructed to the south. A photo of the residential property under construction to the west is shown in Figure 5. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 5 I I I -T------- ------------- --- IRVINE NO 03 1 I I I " -Costco Warehouse BA . RRID 'E No 12 I e _ ._--_ .I _-_ 1RVINE N C 1 '-. N Ten Mile Road *DGE N'0 01 SILVER EAF I - Figure 4—Zoning surrounding the Costco Warehouse site Costco Y Figure 5- Residential construction west of the Costco site SOUND MEASUREMENT METRICS The human ear responds differently to sounds at different frequencies (pitch). This is demonstrated by the fact that we hear higher pitched sounds easier than lower ones of the same magnitude. To compensate for the different loudness as perceived by humans at different pitches, a standard weighting curve is applied to measured levels. This weighting curve represents the sensitivity of the human ear and is labeled "A" weighting. The units of magnitude of the sound are recorded as dBA, or "A"- weighted decibels, which is a logarithmic scale. Because the decibel scale is logarithmic, individual dB ratings for different sound sources cannot be added directly to give the dB sum of the combination of these sources. Two sound sources producing equal dB ratings at a given location will produce a composite sound that is 3 dB greater than the individual levels. Similarly, the loudness of sounds does not vary arithmetically. A 3 dB difference in environmental sound levels is normally considered a slight difference in loudness. A difference of S dB, however, is easily perceptible, and considered Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 6 significant. A 10 dB difference is perceived as half or twice as loud, depending on the relative levels. Table 2 presents examples of common sound levels. SPL dBA Example 0 Threshold of audibility 20 Quiet rural area (no traffic) 40 Suburban neighborhood (distant traffic) 60 Normal conversation 70 Busy freeway 100 Jackhammer 130 Threshold of pain Table 2 - Examples of common sound levels The Leq descriptor is the Equivalent Sound Level, which is the dBA level of a constant sound which has the same acoustical energy as the time-varying sound, described by the Environmental Protection Agency as the "single value of sound level for any desired duration, which includes all of the time-varying sound energy in the measurement period". Because of the logarithmic scale, sounds that are 10 dB higher have ten times the acoustic energy. Therefore, a source that produces a constant sound level of 60 dBA for a ten minute duration, and then produces a constant sound level of 70 dBA for ten minutes would produce an Leq of 67 dBA (the logarithmic average of 60 and 70) for the entire 20-minute duration. Note that the level in the Leq calculation is closer to the higher sound level because the higher level has more energy. The Ldn is the Day-Night Equivalent Sound Level, which is the average Leq for a 24-hour period, with a 10 dB penalty added to sound levels that occur between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Studies have shown that the Ldn is the metric that correlates most closely with a person's overall impression of their acoustic environment. The Lmax sound descriptor is the maximum instantaneous sound (technically, rms or root mean square) for any given duration of measurement. SOUND SOURCES Delivery Trucks Delivery trucks enter the site from North Ten Mile Road, travel along the driveway south of the building, turn north at the west side of the building, and then back into the loading dock, if they are a semi-truck. After unloading, trucks exist the site to the north, onto West Chinden Boulevard. Non-semi delivery trucks stop at the west side of the store and unload through roll-up doors in that face of the building. Neighborhood sound sources were significant. West Chinden Boulevard is a busy street, and its sound was significant at the west boundary location from 6:00 a.m. to close to midnight. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 7 Construction sound from the apartment project to the south was a significant sound source at the nearby microphone position during daytime hours. Although construction activity occurred on the single family development west of Costco, it was not a significant contributor to the sound measurement near the loading dock. Loading Dock Activity After the semi-truck is parked at the loading dock, the primary sound sources are: • Engine idling • Back-up beepers from the forklifts. Forklifts are busy during unloading, traveling into the semi-truck and then back into the warehouse to stack the palleted merchandise. During the measurements, a roll-up door on the west side of the building was open. Back-up beeper sound emitted from this opening and from open (unoccupied) loading dock bay doors. • Impulsive sound ("bangs") radiating from the trailer when the forklift enters and leaves the truck, created by the small elevation change between the trailer bed and the loading dock leveler. Figures 6 and 7 are photographs of the loading dock taken from the north and west, respectively. iuufT Figure 6- Photo from north of the loading dock Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 8 k ' Figure 7- Photo of the loading dock from the west After the early morning rush, there are occasional semi-truck deliveries throughout the day. Pallet maintenance occurs west of the loading dock. Pallets are stacked and organized using a forklift. MEASUREMENT RESULTS Measurement results are documented in Figures 8 and 9. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 9 24 Hour Measurement Near Loading Dock ao Loading dock activity A O 70 E a Q a fi0 v a` 50 'o 44 �swAt.p,Zels ods when the minimum rise above 5D dBA are e of loading dock activity 36 Q Q Q n Q Q Q Q 4 4 Q Q 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q 4 4 Q 4 4 Q Q Q Q n S.+ r tl�n mO�t•T.+ �O h� .m+O uM1i P.� n S�a 4�i ry o v�e ry.�i �rioao a$m°0'24 % ry ry n n m t n yr u��n n io n M1 m ee m Time(hh:mm.s ti Figure 8 - Measured 24 hour sound levels (1 second intervals) near loading dock 24 Hour Measurement at South Boundary Semi-truck passing by measurement location W a 70 E 0 a n 60 a a� a` 50 c 3 0 40 30 a n i a n i n a i a a a a i a n i a n i rs a i a a i a n c 7 '5 g 5 7,7,7 'F 5 T.�7. 4 Q Q Q pp p Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 4 4 Q 4 Q Q Q Q.......... Q Q Q Q 4 Q vj G ry .i ry ry M M M V V�n u'i 6S M1 M1 m m m eA 6 6 Time Ihh!mm:ss) Figure 9 - Measured 24 hour sound levels (1 second intervals) at sound boundary Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 10 CALCULATED EXTERIOR SOUND LEVELS AT ADJACENT PROPERTIES Sound levels from the loading dock activity were measured on Costco property. The measured sound levels were used to calculate the sound levels at nearby residential property. Calculations for Properties to the West Compared to the west boundary measurement location, residential homes to the west are further from the loading dock and have an intervening landscape buffer and wood fence. These factors reduce the sound at the residential receivers compared to what was measured at the microphone. The microphone was 100 feet from the semi-truck trailer in the loading dock. A semi-truck trailer parked in the loading dock location was used as the sound source location because the dominant sounds from the loading dock activity were trucks idling and impulsive sound radiating from the sides of the trailer when fork-lifts entered and left the trailer. Back-up beeper sound emitting from the open door of the warehouse near the loading dock was very close to the same distance from the west property boundary. Trucks traveling to the loading dock pass slightly closer to the residential property but also closer to the measurement microphone, so the distance attenuation used for the trailer is still valid. The development west of Costco is called Cadence at Bainbridge. Although many homes have been built and are occupied, the homes immediately adjacent to the loading dock were not yet under construction at the time of the measurement. The closest distance between a truck parked in the loading dock and the solid wood fence at the west property boundary is 81 feet. The wood fence sits on an earth berm covered in landscape rock on the Costco side. The berm continues on the residential side. It was estimated that the back of the homes facing Costco will be 56 feet from the property line. Sound is attenuated with distance. The loading dock sound sources are small when compared with the distance to the residential receivers, and therefore act as a point source. Sound radiates spherically from a point source and dissipates at a rate of 6 dB per doubling of distance. The measurement microphone was located in front of the wood fence. The fence affected the sound measured from the loading dock as well as that from West Chinden Boulevard. Reflections from the fence increased the sound from the loading dock at the microphone, adding 3 dB to the measured sound. Sound from West Chinden Boulevard was also increased by the presence of the fence, but at the same time, the fence occluded half of the length of the boulevard from the microphone, decreasing the measured level by the same amount. These two aspects canceled the fence effect for West Chinden traffic. When the residential development construction is complete, homes in the development will block part of the sound from West Chinden Boulevard, for homes near the loading dock. Although the sound from the loading dock will not be affected, it is expected that overall sound levels received by homes near the loading dock will be less than documented in this report. The wood fence at the west property line acts as an acoustic barrier for loading dock sound received by future residential receivers but does not reduce sound from West Chinden Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 11 Boulevard. The fence is nominally 6 feet tall but slightly taller in some locations. With the 4 foot earth berm, the fence height above the elevation of the Costco parking lot is 10 feet. Although there are minor gaps between the fence boards and the fence posts, the bulk of the fence is airtight and the small gaps do not significantly decrease the effectiveness of the fence. Barrier attenuation varies with the frequency of the sound. In addition to the overall A- weighted sound levels, octave band levels were measured to obtain the frequency content of the sound. The energy average (Leq) octave band sound levels for sound created between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. were used to determine the barrier attenuation. Table 3 documents the attenuation factors applied to the loading dock measurements, for calculated sound levels at the future residence west of the Costco loading dock. ............... ................ ......... Attenuation Attenuation, dBA Component ........... _............................................................................................................................................: Distance 3 ... .................................................................................................................................................... Barrier 9 .....................................................................................................: Fence reflection 3 Total 15 :............................................................................................................................................................................................................. Table 3 -Attenuation factors for residences to the west The attenuation factors were not applied directly to the measured sound levels to determine the sound levels at the residences. During much of the day, sound from West Chinden Boulevard was significant. That sound would be the same at the microphone location and the residential receivers and would also be the same if the loading dock was not present. The attenuation factors should only be applied to sound created by the loading dock, not to neighborhood sound. The traffic sound within the measurement data was estimated by analyzing the second-by-second data and finding times when the loading dock activity as not present. Figure 10 shows example time periods where the sound from traffic was analyzed separately. During early morning hours, when both the loading dock and W. Chinden Boulevard were busy, there was not a clear distinction between loading dock activity and traffic sound. During these times, the background sound without the loading dock activity was estimated by how it varied with traffic volumes through the rest of the day. Based on this analysis, traffic sound when W. Chinden Boulevard was active varied from 52 dBA to 56 dBA. During most of the day, after the morning loading dock busy time, loading dock activity was occasional, as documented in Figure 10. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 12 Loading Dock Sound Levels,5:30 p.m.-9:00 p.m. 90,C. Traffic Noise 80.0 a 0 70.0 v Q m 7 60.0 a 50.0 40.0 30.0 aoaaaaaavaaaaoaoaaa�aaoaaaaaavaaaaoavaaaavaaaaaaaaaaaaav 8�°��8 °��5 �°�NB�M �ae� ��QSmo�QmoQ�NoSe �o� QBmofzeS �o6 M v o v 67 C ��m�� a;di,��m Time Ihh:mm:ss) �� h��h m m id �m �m �o m m m m m m m Figure 10- Measured sound levels showing loading dock and background(mostly traffic) sound Table 4 documents the measured hourly Leq at the west boundary measurement location, the calculated Leq if all the measured sound was produced by the loading dock, background sound (mostly sound from W. Chinden Boulevard), and the compiled Leq at the residence, substituting background sound for the calculated Leq where necessary. The second column in the table, "Maximum Possible Loading Dock Sound at Residence (Measured — 15 dB)" typically grossly underpredicts the sound levels at the residential property, since for most of the day, the loading dock is not the dominant sound source. It assumes, though, that all the sound measured during that hour was due to the loading dock, and therefore subtracts the attenuation to the residential property from the measured value. The fourth column, "Compiled Leq at Residence, dBA" is calculated by logarithmically adding the maximum possible loading dock sound with the background traffic sound. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 13 .................................. ............................................................. ....... ........ ......... . ................................................. ................................................................................... Measured Leq, Maximum Possible Background Sound Compiled Leg Time West Boundary, Loading Dock Sound at (no loading dock at Residence, Residence (Measured— dBA (Note 1) 15 dB), dBA(Note 2) sound present) dBA .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 a.m. - 12 59 44 52 53 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12- 1 p.m. 52 37 52 52 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-2 p.m. 52 37 52 52 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-3 p.m. 53 38 52 52 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 -4 p.m. 1 59 44 52 53 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5 p.m. 54 39 52 52 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-6 p.m. 57 42 54 54 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-7 p.m. 56 41 54 54 ..........................................................................................................................-....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-8 p.m. 58 43 53 53 ........................---.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................. . 8-9 p.m. 56 41 53 53 .........................---.........................................................................................-........................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 - 10 P.M. 53 38 53 53 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10—11 P.M. 58 43 53 53 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 p.m.—12 53 38 53 53 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12—1 a.m. 53 38 53 53 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1—2 a.m. 41 26 41 41 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2—3 a.m. 40 25 40 40 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3—4 a.m. 43 28 40 40 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4—5 a.m. 58 43 44 46 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5—6 a.m. 60 45 48 50 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6—7 a.m. 63 48 53 54 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7—8 a.m. 61 46 54 55 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8—9 a.m. 62 47 53 54 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9—10 a.m. 60 45 53 54 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10—11 a.m. 60 45 53 54 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Ldn 64 49 57 58 Note 1: Loading dock activity was busiest between the hours of 4:15 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. Note 2:This column assumes that all the measured sound was due to loading dock activity,which is only the case during early morning hours. Table 4 - Calculated sound levels at the residential property to the west The calculated values in Table 4 are based on a receiver height of 6 feet. This is a valid receiver height for a person standing near the rear of the future home to the west. It is also valid for calculating the sound inside the future home, based on exterior windows that extend from 3 feet to 8 feet above the ground level. The construction of the homes immediately west of Costco had not begun at the time of the measurements. The residential community is Cadence at Bainbridge, a 55+ community. The development offers 14 floor plans on their website, 2 of which have upper stories. Homes along the eastern boundary of the development, bordering the Costco site, will only be single story homes, according to a representative of the development company for the site. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 14 Calculations for Properties to the South Although there is the same type of wood fence at the south property line, it is not tall enough to provide attenuation to the upper story apartments from trucks driving on the driveway south of the Costco building. The difference between measured sound at the south microphone and that received by the closest apartments is due to distance only. The distance between the truck path and the nearest apartments is 56 feet, compared to the truck to microphone distance of 22 feet. The resulting distance attenuation is 8 dB. The sound at the sound properly line included traffic sound from W. Chinden Boulevard and Ten Mile Road, overhead planes, construction activity at the apartments to the west, and delivery trucks as they either idle on the driveway south of the building or travel on that driveway toward the loading dock. Sound from idling trucks or trucks passing by the microphone are easy to identify in the measurement history, as shown in Figure 11. 90 Sound at South Property Line-4 a.m.-6 a.m. Truck Idling and Pass-by sa 70 Truck Pass-by a 0 E 4 N dl Q G N Ol 50 40 N C C G N 30 20 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a s a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a s a a a a a a a a c e a a a $m � e ` mo �tiu� v $ m � ery ao7.QNgm � e �i ao o .. .. !^. n' mordva � . mn 7! Ouo � � e naooD° o0a ' r*i ioM1 r+ie uin .°', o ri vi iamoPr rm i° r ..uiQo i: mary Sri �o$ aa � eaa�r3 n�v�i r: ui Tirre(hh:P1 rr:s5) Figure 11 - Measured sound at south property line, 4 a.m. - 6 a.m. Construction activity was significant and will not be present after the apartments are occupied. Neighborhood background sound was elevated considerably when construction activity was Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 15 present. Figure 12 shows the measured sound levels from 4:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. when few loading dock truck events were present. Measured Noise at the South Property Line,4:00 p.m.- 10 p.m. 75 70 Construction Activity 65 u o 60 E 4 v 55 Q v a � 50 v m a 45 a c a 40 35 30 a a m n a o n a a a g n c a o a n a a a n ea a n a a a g a u a o a c a m a n a n a a a a a a u a A a c a a a n a $mN � � �t° cnn � �m$ :;.v° amavo �v �dm`au:m"'{°e N� io r.i 01 in ri oQ .y O m m G+gov V., a V V mR awV V u .v, v2 oaN9 h m �m 7h N 'iR mW 7Yn 1 W ^i+ m O m a•• a �a•• W in ei mR� e ...... .. . . .. . . I� m�.G m ri P P�r ri F�r� r h- h � e9 od Time(hh:mm:55) Figure 12 - Measured sound at the south boundary, 4 p.m. - 10 p.m. The fence caused a 3 dB increase in measured sound levels at the measurement microphone, just like it did at the west location. When added to the distance attenuation, the total attenuation between the microphone and the apartments was 11 dBA. Table 5 documents the calculated level at the closest apartments south of the Costco site, in the same manner as Table 4. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle,WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 16 ......................................................................................................................................................................,...................... ..............,........................................................................................ ........................................................................... Measured Leq, Maximum Possible Background Sound Compiled Leg Time South Boundary, Loading Dock Sound at (no loading dock at Residence, Apartments (Measured dBA (Note 1) _11 dB), dBA (Note 1) sound present) dBA ..............................................................................:.............................. .............................;.......................................... ................................................:.............................................................................. .................. ............................ ........................ 11 a.m. - 12 60 49 60(Note 2) 60 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 12-1 p.m. 51 40 49 49 ......................................................................................................................................................................,............................................ ....................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 1-2 p.m. 52 41 52 53 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 2-3 p.m. 55 44 55 55 ......................................................................................................................................................................,............................................ ..................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 3 -4 p.m. 56 45 56 56 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 4-5 p.m. 57 46 57 58 ......................................................................................................................................................................,............................................ ....................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 5-6 p.m. 55 44 55 56 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-7 p.m. 47 36 47 47 7-8 p.m. 46 32 43 43 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8-9 p.m. 44 33 44 45 9- 10 P.M. 47 36 47 47 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10—11 P.M. 47 36 47 47 11 p.m.—12 43 32 43 43 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12—1 a.m. 40 29 40 41 1—2 a.m. 41 30 41 42 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................,..........................................................................................................,.................................................................................., 2—3 a.m. 39 28 39 40 ......................................................................................................................................................................,......................................... ..................................................,..........................................................................................................,.................................................................................., 3—4 a.m. 39 28 39 40 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................,..........................................................................................................,............................................................................. 4—5 a.m. 55 44 43 47 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5—6 a.m. 55 44 41 46 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6—7 a.m. 56 45 54 54 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7—8 a.m. 53 42 47 49 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8—9 a.m. 54 43 50 51 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9—10 a.m. 52 41 49 49 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10—11 a.m. 51 49 48 52 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Ldn 58 47 55 56 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Note 1:This would be the sound level at the apartments if all the measured sound were due to truck activity on the Costco driveway.That is only the case in the early morning hours. Note 2:The source of sound for this hour is not known.Sound levels are significantly higher than average, but it does not look like truck delivery activity. Table 5- Calculated sound levels at the apartments to the south PERTINENT CRITERIA The reaction of future residents to the sound created by Costco loading dock activity will vary with individuals. Some people are more sensitive to sound than others. Hundreds, if not thousands, of studies have been conducted on the human reaction to sound, correlating annoyance and adverse health effects to sound. Section 6-3-6 of the City of Meridian Municipal Code addresses sound as a public nuisance. In section "A", "Prohibited acts" states that "between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., or at Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 6 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 17 any time so as to unreasonably disturb or interfere with the peace, comfort or enjoyment of others, it is unlawful for any person to cause, or for any person in possession of property to allow to originate from such property, sound that is a public disturbance sound." It goes on to define sounds that are classified as a public disturbance sound but does not include in that list any sound sources that would relate to Costco's loading dock. The State of Idaho does not have regulations that would limit the sound between Costco and its neighbors. Federal government agencies have sound guidelines. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) all have sound regulations or standards. The sound guidelines are consistent between agencies. The most applicable guidelines are those by HUD. HUD uses the Ldn descriptor. Table 6 documents HUD guidelines for residential developments. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Ldn Range, dBA Standard :............................................................................................................................................................................................................:.................................................................................................................................................... : 65 or less Acceptable Exceeding 65 but not exceeding 75 Normally Unacceptable Exceeding 75 Unacceptable ............................................................................................................................................................................................................:........................................................................................................................................ ............: Table 6- HUD sound guidelines for residential property The Environmental Protection Agency does not issue sound standards but does publish research. The seminal document on sound published by the EPA was its "Levels" document, officially titled "Information on Levels of Environmental Sound Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety", published in April 1974. The documents states clearly that it is not a guideline or a standard, because the sound levels identified in the document do not consider the cost of mitigation. Guidelines from agencies like HUD have made the effort to find a balance between creating an acceptable sound environment and the subsequent cost of the associated mitigation. The Levels document states that an Ldn of 55 dBA outdoors and 45 dBA indoors meet the criteria for spoken conversation, working, sleeping and other activities "with an adequate margin of safety". They are typically considered as the "ideal" maximum sound levels for residential properties, without regard to the practical issues of cost. Sound levels detrimental to sleep have been a source of study for more than 50 years. It is still an active research topic in academia. It is complicated, because people can become acclimated to sounds that regularly occur in their environment, even if the levels are quite high. Research has shown that even if people become accustomed to sound levels that would typically interrupt sleep, adverse physiological effects can still occur. The World Health Organization guidelines and recommendations (1999) include sleep interference criteria. According to the WHO, average (Leq) sound levels should not exceed 30 dBA during the sleep period and if the maximum sound levels exceed (Lmax)of 45 dBA, sleep Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 18 interference is likely. More specifically, it recommends that the maximum level of 45 dBA not be exceed for more than 10— 15 times per night. CALCULATED INTERIOR SOUND LEVELS AT ADJACENT PROPERTIES Interior sound levels caused by sound sources external to the home are less than the exterior sound. Even with windows partially open for ventilation, a reduction in sound occurs. The amount of reduction for open windows depends primarily on the size of the opening compared to the size of the exterior wall of the room, but also depends on where someone is listening to the sound in the room. A reduction of sound of 15 dB is commonly assigned to a partially open window in environmental sound studies. If someone is standing at or very near the window, the sound reduction will be less. A conservative sound reduction estimate of 27 dB for an exterior fagade with closed windows is used in this report. It is conservative because it was documented as part of the 1974 EPA "Levels" document, and thermal efficiency and the corresponding acoustic reduction have improved since that time. The residential development west of Costco (Cadence at Bainbridge 55+ Community) and the apartment buildings to the South (Olivia Apartments) provide air conditioning as a standard feature. Interior sound levels were calculated with open and closed windows and for average (Leq) and maximum (Lmax) sound levels. Table 7 documents the sound levels inside the homes to the west and apartments to the south. Average Sound Maximum Interior Number of Events over Level, (Leg, Sound Level, dBA 45 dBA Location dBA), Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Open Open Closed Open Closed .........................................................................:.................................................................................................:................................................................:..............................................................................................................................................................................................................; Homes west 27 56 44 26 0 of Costco ...........................................................................................................................................................................:.....................................................................................................................................:....................................................................:................................................................... Apartments south of Costco 30 54 42 30 0 (upper level) ............................................................................................................................................................................:................................................................:.....................................................................:.....................................................................:..................................................................: Table 7-Sound inside the residences 10:00 p.m. — 7:00 a.m., windows open and closed Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA 0 206-919-9045 0 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Costco Meridian August 31, 2022 Loading Dock Sound Measurements Page 19 COMPARISON OF MEASURED SOUND LEVELS TO THE CRITERIA Although sound associated with Costco's loading dock will be easily audible at adjacent residences, the 24-hour Day-Night Equivalent Sound Level of 58 dBA at the residential property to the West and 56 dBA at the apartment property to the south are substantially less than the maximum "Acceptable" HUD level for residential property. If construction sound was not present in the south boundary measurement, the Ldn would have been less than 55 dBA. Early morning sound from loading dock activities could cause sleep interference if the future residences or apartments have their windows open for ventilation. However, both properties have air conditioning, and with their windows closed, the expected interior sound levels are less than the 45 dBA World Health Organization criteria for maximum sound levels. CONCLUSIONS Based on the sound measurements at the existing loading dock and of delivery truck activities, extending the receiving hours will not create significant impacts. Site operations will remain compliant with the city's noise ordinance. With bedroom windows closed at nearby residences, maximum sound levels will comply with the World Health Organizations sound level recommendations for residential uses. No mitigation measures are needed. Michael R. Yantis, P.E., Hon AIA • 206-919-9045 • 1700 Westlake Ave N., Ste 200, Seattle, WA 98109 Chapter 1 Ft ' Common Saumlis B asic vefvlew of the Sasec Theory Common&uunds In Doc itols fde Environmental Noise Problem Same ommon,owl ly recNalzad sounds are lisled helow in order of increa5ln)wound intanz.ily levels in dKI bel S,The gpuntd li rvel a Shown fof pccupl room are lypical genefal adIvlty level only and do"I Fepremct 1l1troduction Criteria fo.desigrn, Background Exarr,plos Omibels(de)- Subjective Definition and Scope of the Raise Evaluations Problem NO&jet engine 140 The air around us iS Constantly filled —_ with sounds.yet most of us would Threshold oe pain 130 probably not say we are surrounded by noises_Whal then Is the difference — between ordlnary Sound and what we — bearenmg call noise. The tradiliorial deflnition T7 resnold of tooting—hard 120 of noise is Ihat It is"unwanted rock hand �! sound."Sound becomes unwanted when it either inle rferess with our Accgeesrating motorcycle al a low foot away normal act lvities such as sleeping, (Nate- 50 ft Pram moeorcycle Kcals noise a., — Ito conversation or recreation,when it aboul 2OW N from a 4-engine lei alrcraft.i — x�°h causes actual physical harm such as Loud auto trorn at 10 It ewer 1U4 hearing loss or has adverse effects on ,r mental health_As we have became a ;,a more urbanizes Courilry arid as — very los,d technology has advanced.the level of NNsy urban streel r gp sound In our enylronrnent has reached Noisy factor the point when it Some9times does cause interference and does Cause Si;hool cateteria wruntreated surfaces 60 physical and psychological harm,and — tlhus we have developed a noise _ problem_{See Figufe 1 fora listing of Loud common sounds.] Steanxograprlefoom — 70 The dimensions of the noise — problem have grown larger and larger _ avesrthe past few decades.In its 19T9 Now fre may auto Ireal#IIo Range of speech � Annual Report,The CounclIon —_ Environmental Ouality stated t4at t to "nearly half the US population Is Aver office 50 regularly exposed to levels of noise — that Interferewith ...normal aetivltless" and about"1 In 10 .__are exposed to noises of d oral ion and Intefl sill y S&I radio music In apanmant 4i sufficient to cause a permanent — reduclion in theirabiIity to heaaT." Average residence wlltrout stereo plAylrlp F$ml Average whispor 20 Rusele of leaves it)wind 10 VAry faint Huroan pr$athiW Threshold of audlhiliey 4 =dl3 are-m wage'.sues as maasurBd cw .Fm A 9cae13 or a 9PIln01P"I 41wter (Pram Ccnowrs Irl And+ OOW WO ACW.5fiVE M David derv.MCGM*Mier, i The Dyne mica of the noise Pmblsm Fom 2 Drvmics of a Nolea Problorn Them are basically two types of noise problems.There Is the s ped IIC,Job related,occupational noise problem craated by extremely loud maohlnery, Then there Is tnecomrnunity nokse problem where the cQFmbIned effect of many Individual noise sources creates an overall noise level that Is unacceptable-In the folIc wing pages we will be address)ng the community noise problern only. The main corltrf but ors to a cor•mrnunityrtaiseproblemare IransWation sources such as highways.railroads and airports, These sources are the most perva$Ive and coniinuIrig of the nolse sources within fhe oamrnunity.Of course,at v any given site,there may be other noise sources which add to the problem,sources such as jackhalnrners at a construction site. Sourr6 Poth Recelror But in general,and for the purposes of this section,the main conceal Is with the transportation sources. The dynamics of a nolse problem Fign>Me 3 are based on the relationship between LarrdUs@Campat"ityOukWa net, the noise source,the parson or place exposed to the noise(hereafter called the racaiwer)and the path the noise LAMA USE INTERPRETATION will travel from source to receiver. LAND USE CATEGORY FOR NEF VALUE' The source generates A given 24 30 40 SU amount of noise which travels along Rasldanlial — Single Family,OupleR,Mobil* Homes the path and arrives al the receiver. ...... The amount of nolse will be reduced Rooldentiel— Multiple Family.Oarmitafles,sic. :::: .__....... to some extent as a result of how long Tronslsnl Lodging ...... that path Is or whether there are any School Classrooms. Libraries, Churches barriers along the path.The severlty Haapitals, NLIFTIng Humor +`•'F':•'•': of the Impacf on the receiver IS a Autlltvrluma,Cancan Heils,Musts Sheus function of what type of activity Is taking place,whether it Is indoors or Sports Arena.Outdoor Spootator Spores outdoors.and what type of bull1JIng It Playgrounds,Mflghborhood Parks Is In if the activity Is Indoors.Figure 3 Golf Cawraa. RldPotp 5leblee.Watar Roc-.Comateriae Contains some basic compatibillty - QUId6IIrie3, ❑illes Sulldinps. Personal, RU54ness end prolesiOunel The Impact of the noise can be Comma(dal — Rairll.Movie Theaters,Rd RtaurBnt# aIWad or mitigated by Changing the Comrne(clal — Wholissle, Some Aelails, Ind„ Meg.,UIII- '• Characteristics of any of the three ilAar*ul;otvrinQ,Communlcetlon{Noise$4nSlllr�} elements:source,path or receiver- Later on wt?wIII look at the varlous LlMaslack Farminq,Animal Snedinp mktlgalion measures that are Agelcultuta;except LlYestock),Mining, Flshing possible,Our cor+cam however wlll be PublIc Right-01-Way prl Mari I with the receiver and tit$ E}ignsi+r4 r�eturai Recreptlfln Area6 patfl-Control Of the sources — themselves IS the speoIfIc 'Ldo = NU7 Value + 35 6s is 85 respons I bi I It y of age ncles such as the tdn VALVES Env!ronmen tal Protection Agency Clearty Nan ley (E PA)or the Federal Aviation Accept$blo Unacceptable Adrrri n I st rat ion;FAA). Nally 7M Gleamy Acceptable unacovtable 2 The Ideal solution to a patentlaI Another feature of the DNL systwri Legal Provisions probiem is to reduce the noise Ding chat Is very important Is that it can be produced by the source,The[rest used to describe noise from all General legislation and Background SOW tion available to HUD,or the sources.Thus,using the DNL system, community,howe"r,Is Iomake sure we Gan desefibe the total noise The Federal legislation which ihat nol so sons I tive uses are 4ocated exposure at a site.something many addresses noise issues is somewhat where iheywlil not be exposed Io high other deacriptorsystems couldn't do. difforenI from of her envaronmerial nulae levels-The next best approach The D N L system has been adopted IegIsIauon.The Clean A I r Act.for to miiigaling noise Impact is to by the EPA,the Departmentof example,regijired the Environmental attempt to reduce the amount of Defense(DOQ�and HUD,and morn Protection Agency lD 5el kip actual noise that reaches the receiver.This reC6nlly by the FAA,specificalty for mandatory standards for air quality Can he accomplished lbrough the use desoribing envi ronmen lal impacts for which were supposed to be met by aIt of barriers such as walls or earthen airport actions.Weexpact that very lurlsdictaons,EPA even has tIna berms,or combinations of both,along soon It wlII be In almost universal use aulhorliyIo take punitive steps the nelse path. If the use of barriers is in the U.S. against clues which are not making not possible then the only atternaIive "roasonaUe furtt progress" available is to provide nolse recuct Ion k4ugs towards Schievirig these air quality measures In any structures goals.There Is no 91milar leg Isialii�n associated with the act IAIy so ihat at The main Issues involved in any noise that covers noise.The approach has Ieast the interior spaces are nol ansIysIs Gan be aumrnwized briefly- been to tackle lbe noise problem al exposed to high noise feveds.This the Source by Cori trpaling the aaeounf approach is considered the IawI ■ Haw much noise is a site exposed of no]Re that can be emitted t y the desirable because most of the land to Individual airplane engine or the rises we are concerned about,such as * What types of activities are being indNidual Jackhammer.Agencies like resident Ia'r do have outdoor areas and of fected and how severely FEUD or the Farmers Home activities associated with there which * is It reasonable to redesign the slte Adminlst rat Ian have ijeveloped would rerrain exposed to high noise to relocate noise sons ItIwo actMtips r"ulatlons which are related to the $Ovels. * And,If not,haw much protection over$lI CGmmunily rKSse ievel,but Can be provided through various they only affect their own programs A Nate on Deecripfors atlenostlp i rneasuree. and are not banding on local Your approach to these issues will communItI es-The Veterans A key factor in the growth of our beaffecled In many ways by the Admi n Ist rat I on progrannonIy relates ablllty toevalume aria reduce noise local Ion of the projecl inqueStion. toa]rcraft noise and also only aftmts impacts has bean thedeveloprr*nt of Pro)scta In Subufbbanorrural areas its own programs. better tools to measure and da3crlbe Can beappfoached diIWemIy The major pieces of Federal the noise levels generated by various because the available rnitIQatlon Iegi slat Ion related to nol so include: sources-The development of better options are greater and often the The Hake Control Act of loots{called noise descriptors or noise exposure il.selt iS not so severe. 1972 dlrected EPA to promote an rrmefrlesl has Wen particularly In urban situations,however,the environment fi]r aiI Americans free Important for dea I i"with community n*1 se expostire is often more severe from i'iofsethat leopardims their nOI$O Problem S,Many at the of*& but at ttre same lime the options for health and welfare. It also included a desc6fstorsystem5 Could only be mItIgatior orreslting are more Tequlrement for EPA to sisI acriterlon used for we or Iwo sources such as Iimltad.in the urban setting In nova llve for nol as level adequatoto prolacT Gars and railroads,but not airplanes. deSlgn and the use of advanced health and welfare wlth an adequate Since the community moose probiem attenuation measures becorrres margin of;Safety bul without regard to very of Ien includes Wise from all Critical_FWunalely+cur experience Cost or feasibility. these sources the lack of an adequate has shown that good design and Well Communities Act of descrlptor made II difhcuit to dawn construction Can relieve or 1978 amended The Nolse Con tfoi ACf adequate ewalualion. au Ins tani tally reduce major noise of 1972 to encourage noise control The most advanced descriptor problefns. programs at the Slata and Community currently in general use is the day levei night average sound level system. Federal Aid Highway Act of abbrewialedas DNLand symbolized 1970 established the requirement maIhematii;aIIy as Lu„-The day rtilght that nol so cont rot N a part of the avi7rage sound level Is the 2d hour planning and design of all federally awefage sound level,expressed in alded highways- decibel5.obtai ned all or the addition Aviation Sslety and Nalire of a 10 decibel penalty for sound Arbaternerit loot of 19IV requires FAA Levels which occur at night between 10 deveIOpa singie system for 10 PM and 7 AM.This nighttime measuring noise att alr port z and under penally Is based on the fact that many certaln Conditions I prepare and swdies have shown Itlal people are pubiIsh noise maps. muCh more disiurbed by na4s8 a1 night Man at any of her tine.This is nol unusual In ihai background noise is aIten much less at night and also people tend to be dping very noise sensilive things al 11ight,SUCK 85 Ming to sleep- HUD Regulatkca In general the requifements OM Requlred established three zones,an While the Department of Housing and acreptable zone where al projects Location of outdoor rxAse sensitive Urban Development has no specific could be appnyAd,a ngrmalIy uses rela live 1Othe noise Source. res pons lbil il y to try to reduce ttke unacceptable zone where rnIIigalIon * Location of buildings contain ft noise problem al thesourcethe way measures would be required and nolneserisltive act Ivitle5. the Environments PretectIon Agency where each project would have to be • Location of ott*r buildings, and the Federal Avialion individually evaluated for approval or pafliCulariy ones which might serve to Administration dor ii dms have the denial,and an unaccepfablezone In shield Sensitive buIIdingsorarcas responsibliity to be aware of the noise which projects would not,as a rule.be frorn the noise source, problern and its impact on the approved- * Design and carratfri k)n features housing environmenl The moll basic to 1979,the Depannxml issued 01 buildings,particularly features mandate which drives the revised regulat ion a(24 GFR Part 518) such as use of centfal a I conditioning Departmeni's Involvement with the which kept the sarne basic standards which could provide noise redWion noise+slue is the Housing Act of blrt adoplad raw descriptor BySternS berrelits by permitting windows to be 1949(Public Law Bt-171)which sell which were cons I derabl y advanced kept closed. forth the national goal of"a decor I over those In use under the old home and suiiabe IiAng environment raqulrements_ Analysis of Site and Environs for emery American family."This goal HUD's regulations also regrjlre that was afIirmed by the Housing and recipients of Community General Urban Development Acl of 19M Developmeni Block Grants(CDBQ (PutAlc Lzw 90-4 S).The Departffwot and Urban Development Action The primary Imes of tins impact was taslcedby the Housing and Urban Grants(UDAG)Iake into analysis Is on noise sources and the D9veiopmenl Act of 1965(PuhIIC Law considefaIIw the nose criteria and primary Item to be determinod is the 89-117)"to determine feasible standard s In the envl ran rnental review noise level Created by those sources_ rneth,Ws of reducing]he economic Poxes s"cansiderameiiorative M many instances,particularly with loss and hardships suftered by actions when noise sensltNo land alrpofts,data are the noise levels homeowners as a resull of the developments are proposed in noise generaled by the source will have deprecfalion In"value of their exposed areas_11 COBG or UDAG already been prepared byanolher properties following the construct Ion activilles are planned in a noisy area, agency such as the airport operator, of alrperts in the vicinity of their and i1UD assistance Is contemplated the 1=1 or State homes,"The Nolse Oontrol Act of rater for housingandtorather noise highwayr1ransportaliondeWnieni or 1972,in addition io its specific aerrailive act iviIles,1he HUD othef similar agency.Wigure 4&how$ tashing 1oEPA,tasked aft Pederal standards must be met for those Typical airport nolsecontoura.)In sgencIestoadministerIhelrprograms activities t hose c"esnositeofenvirons In ways which reduce noise pollution. analysis is necessary and one can Finally.the Depafln*nt Is tasked by Project Analysis proceed dI Feel ly to IMWI analysis. Federal Management Circular 75-2: For those Instances where there are omparible Land Uses at Pederef Gerwaf no current data already prepared,the Ablields to make sore Thal its act Ions D9parlmeni of dousing and Urban do not pronWe Incor„palItAe land While most of the analy515 for raise Development has developed a uses around federal airfields. focuses on noise Sources located handbook called the Noise All of these Ieglslativeand around the project site.there are A55essmenr Gurde,rrnes whch regulatory mandates combine I so"characteristics of the project contains a detailed desk top create a serious requirement for the itself that you should know about. methcdol4y for use by Individuals to Department of Housing and Urban These charectedstIcs will helpyau to determine noise impacts(smC;hapter Development to be aware of the determine what is called the Wse 5).Imiuded In the haodbook is a probiism 11 no+52 and to take positlye assess Mani local ior}(NAL)for site complete I loll ng of the dal about the steps to protect residen[Ial and olher analysts.(The NA Is a represen tat lve SIte and Its environs that are Son aIIlye land uses from hlgh noise point(or points)on the site where necessary to cor luct ao analysis_We levels. 9ag"Hicant noise exposure is don't want to repeal aft the detailed The Department of Housing and expected.All distances,etc.are repuifemenl9 here.but the followlno Urban Development first Issued measured from the hAO.This are some of the types of information formal requirements related inIormation will al so behelpful later you would have to colloct if you were speciiicWly to noise in 1971(HUD In ovaluating the potential for to do your own analysis.You mIoht Circular 1390.2),These requirements mItlgating or reducing the impact of nole lhal most of the Informatlan Is mnlained Standards for exterior noise. All of this data should be related to the noise sources noise levels along with pptl6es fof available IFOM praiiminary plans and themselves, apprumng HUD suppflrled or assisted specifications,if not,a quick phone For the purpose of analysis,the housing projects In high noise areas. call to the developerfsponsor should Noise Asse.ssmenf Gvidefrines require get you a 111 he i nforrnation you need. that you consider all mi lit arylcnriIian airports within 15 tulles of Ire project, all significant roads within 1000 feet and basically all f ai troads within 300D feel. 4 Tym of Data Requilred The Noise Assessment Guidelines Doter'mi'nation a]Impact cmIain guidance On SOurCeS for tN3 * Number and Iype of vehicle, data.MOW of them are obtained fmrn 04 wsral * OWationai data: the"opwalor-of the Iransportarion speed SoufOe,The 0ukWines also contains The SPe6f rc procedures far daylirnainighttirne split (nodel figures which can be used determining the noise exposure levels • Conditions where the vehicles are when actual data is u'navaila.ble.For for a site are clearlt+spea led ouI in the operated.i.e.,freely flowin traffic example,if the actual ntunberaf Noi se A ssessmem Gurdet+rres.The versus stapand go,I9uel versus hilly, vehicles traveling at night is not proCe95 is a faIOyaImple one in which welded railroad track versus baited available then the GurdW nres State the noise level from eiach source fall road Irack. that a ligure of 15%should be used- aIfecIing V e alto is Calcu[at e-d and Thus II Is possible I make Chen combined I derive the overall reasonablyaccurate noise level expasure.If some kind of barrier determinations even If some exists or iB proposed,the noise levels Information is not available, can be adjusted to reflect the mitWaIIon provided t y ttte garner-The orefail noise level is Ihen Compared to HUD's standards and tt*appropriate action,as spelled out In ttm regtrlaiions,is taken. Flpum 4 Now@ Gontaurs WIL r• � . __fit Y Y k. - I --�+ �' - t •-� A. • � � .'1 � 11 Irk �I ' I1111 l I Evaiaation of impact Speclftc Conskliiratlons Barriers FtUD Regulations set forth the RelDcatIng Noise SertsHira Users Barrie'r5 are nxist effect ivg for at of lot I owl ng exterior naisa standards for below+orouW lgwa l sources,They new hous,no constructlort as-silted ar By iaf the most dtsifaUe mjtlpation have ne of feet on notee from aircraft supported by the Dow menv ap-proacfiti is to relocate noise overflights and are limited In mutlCal SensItWe uaesauI DI the high noise applicalIon with elevated sourom 65 Lon Or iess-Acceptable area although,tf the site is large such as alevatad Iralns.The key to the E-x ceed I ng 65 enough It may be POW ble to locate effectiveness of a barrier is vwhalher Normally but nvt esrceedin Don-n0iso RAn9itIva uses between the or not It breaks the Ilneof sight U cc- table ily source and the sensItIve use,for between the source and the receiver. Unacceptable -appropriate sound example a parking tot might be if a barrier does not com Ielel break altenda :5 measures must be located between a road and a parts the IIne of slghl eiIher because it Is provided:5 ttanuals d#Proved te d (see Figure 5)-The workcharts in the not high enough,or not long enough above the oristurclion provided by Noise Assessment Guidelines can be lhen Its effectiven'ees Is greatly standard construction required in 65 used in reverse to Ialk you exactly how (educed.Ld„ l 7Q�dn tool}, t0 decibels faraway from the noise source you Baal us Can beacIuai walls, arddlt 1p l attenuallort in 7g n to 75 need to be. earthen mounds(called berms)or " Wtten is Res are!email,very dense or even other buildings The use cf other lboeedir%ii 75 L<l,t-Unwceptable when the source afIacts the entim non-oisesenslIive buildings as Site 11 Is very diH ICU lt to mil igate try barrWs is a partiouiartygood HUD's requiatIons do not contain Mangling the 8Ile plait-Then the next approach in Ihdl It f4bed not add to the standards for interior noise levels, option must he considered,erecting cost cl tt)e proleel and may not Create Pal her a goal of 45 declbels is set some type of barrier bel ween the the aesftOr.prot�am a lame wall forth and theahanuaition source and the receiver. might Create(see FI gore 6). requirements are geared towards achieving that Aral.it Is assumed that wlth atandard construction any building wlII provide sufficient f 1p ss attenuation so that If the exterior level Ths 1ludibis Is 65 Ldn or less,the Interior Leval will l-wyp,r be 45 Ldn Or iess- Once you have datermInod the lei ckublar relopmonl,open space can t+e overall noise exposure for Ihesiteyou Iplace fs now on eImhi4waayto red ucenase compare It to the above standards, If I he overal I sit a ex pas ure Is 65 Ld„or less the project Is acceptable_tf the exposure is between 65 Ldr,and 75 La,you should oonslder alternathm locations or providing adequate altenuation wilh the first preference, as we've noted,being Ior the CDnalructIon of some kind of barrier v}t to prevent noise from reaching the ' { site-If providing adequate attenuation is Impossible or Impractical Ihen the project should be considered unacceptable. ¢�¢}�4 Suggested Mitigation +44 04¢p40}� � 44i}444004 Genoral Gonalderalions ass4i4a+4 4 4 4 4} i 4 *4}44#4#}�4* 6444446 41 AsdIscussedtxleIIy earl Ief,there are ¢ i 4+i44i}4+r44**4 }441G}41i4 f 44464144404444444}}4*4}} � Ih("basIta proachasformiti alto9 44i• +t+i 64444 444414# P g 14#1 +44} 41441444• 4 the hi hnoiseex 4644111 }1# 44*14►444}#440 g exposures. 44i14444 } 44 441i4iE1ik•444},+e4, arW best is to relocaut nol so sensitive s e4 i14�t}4*y 4 a a #14 4 i i 4 i 1 i i 4 4 A 4 44 4; i 4 4 t # 1 i48;i + };/#}44444444a4d} uses pert of the high noise alga_TTra .. . .. .- Second is 10 ~1 noise f rem +14114 f• reaching the noise sensItive use( lhrouoh some Sort of barrier.Arid the tii�ttway ,•{ ,,,-,,.:, third,and Ia sIde5irableapproach.i5 I provide attenuation for at Least the I(it erlofs of any buIIdIngs located In x . .. : . the hig noise areas. `� s ,r� ,; �#'��;':``.•8,�,fias`3:;:�,. ..•;�';::;...¢;,.;;}i, B Rpm 0 As WInted out eariler,the T�*AxAlbkb Landmape e Ifec tiveness of a Wrid Or J S determil nod In large Part by Its height P lacenneriq of wiae compatibla land uses and length.Some studies have Shown near highway In Planned Unit Digvml&prnent that lire effectiveness of a barrier can N reduced by as much as 501/1a if it isn't long enough_Again,the Noise ........................... Assessmer?f GuideHnes coritain ......................... ............... . ........ ............... ............ NHE.2EHmr3'1HD]Njrl R-P�. I proced ure; efftIs for detaerm i nI- ng t he ec s r 1:!13 ers I nGorwat In Noise Attenuation .................. ........... .. ........ MGasuras info the Building .... ....... It neither rel orr-at i an or barriers Is -r3 � 11 .. ................ a a3!13 . ........ .. reasonable noise altenuation option,n, the i as t resort is to Incorporate noise Hm ...... ........ . attenuation rne�asures into the ........................ ...11.:H.3113; ............. ......... bul Id i r9s them gel ves.Th i s ir,not ........... ......... 1-"-u!1]'3EP HH!92: considered the best solution becaus a I t I eaves t he ou 1doGr areas,some o . ..... ...................... H!F"Hii which may be for qu I et recreation, ...... . .. ... !42: .......:i '!! u-'PEEi-E-.H!r!!!i Z =N;!M�.9,24- expDsed to high n0180 leV6Sr But if .............--i!2- ............ ...................... --------------------- E!ME ..................... . ...................... ...... development must take place and i-H n-n-gr. barriers are im possi ble,then the ...... .. ... rioise aRen uati oTi meas u res Should be amptoyed in building design and construction. ------ _r _R1513M.: Without going Into great technical HK.HWAY detail,nolse attenuation construction measures generally fall into four . .... ..... .......... ........ catagorles- (1) Reducing the total areaof windows or other acoustically weaker building elernerits 0 Sealing oft "leaks"around Tha AudlISM windows,doors.,vents. Landscape �3) Improving the actual sound attenuating properties of small Use of acoustical architectural deaigri to buildIng elements such as windows, Feaure dWsa impacis on more noise doors,etc. sgnr,i I ive I lvl nig spacm (4) I mprovi ng t he aratua I sou nd attenuating properties of major building 6ement s s Lic h as roof and wadi construction, In addition, r[oi so at ten uat I on In Bearmm Bedroom Living Room buildings can be provided by designing i ntelior spaces so that "load"spaces such as closets or ------- corri dors act as buffer zones(see ..... Flgijru 7).And finally mise attenuation can be provided by reducing the need far open windows .Z Dan Balh ing Pcom by providing air mndlifioning. Many of the steps I hal would be taken to provide noise atienualion also he I p conserve energy:Good weatherstripping around windows and doors is one example.Another might be reducing w I nftw areas in walls if the noise source is to the Wor,wlky north or wes I-Because many of these measures serve two purposes,they should not necossarill y be considered a burdensome requirement but rather just good design and construct ion- Informalion Re!5ources Quiz Ortiz P„bllcstions Questions Answers 14UD Requ+af+on 24 CFR Part 51 1. Why is rso+se considered poutnb9A slaweq;o Subpart B - Ncroso Abatennem and "unwanted sound"? 41&*l Pue 14B 4 Sul pue uorieoop; Control. 2, Whal is a community noise joj p9alnbej riour;sip WIIL-jedes Noose Assessment Guidelines, problem? eu!wjalao o1 pesn eq upo -0l HUD 19$3,basic,technical procedural 3_ What are the three main seojnos p94er,ala tsnu, resm)rce_ cont rlbutors to Community noise Jo!91401100Ao;jejojlE rol eAI;oa;ia Alr�craff Noise Impact,HUD 1972,a problem? ;ou i; Y_S8airl'ois Jahal punoj6 molaq bill dal ad buI good overview of d_ What are the twee components of ao leJot aA!}oei}aeap Sjaujeq -g pf0bi9m. a noise problem? sou tpiInq u5161opoi PAC The Audible Landscape.DOT 5. Whal are Iwo key Characteristics JDA188el Bul4aeal aslou 9;mpaj pue (FHVVAi 1974,an excellent discusso+l of the day-nIghI average sound level -g pl mitigation measures Including land descrlptm aystem? 'Sal IlAIIW"OLII ao4;9tu aq;snw use planning and building design arkd 6. What are HUD's noise starKdards? 6WWUe;s aq;Sail I�Al' r'ampsuas apnsmclion, 7, SM do HUD's standards apply to aspu Jeytc ro f3ulsno4,o}J21u1 lrr wmation on tevWs of CDBG recipients? xwe;sisse anH asn oI ;oadxo Aa41 Emoirimmenraf Ncose Regeisire In B. What are the Ihreegerwal •AnB(AD,IVtuaw=iAu9 puff 6uluuetd Prefect PaNich@Wfh and Wefiare rnitlgaIion measures available to HUD JW11 ul SPmPuellFOWuD1;eWISL40 W)rh an Adequate margin of Safety, and the Community and in what order o;ul a4el xsnw slu9sd! i rtJBQQ -L EPA.1974.The"levels d�o�cumerit" of preference? a geldaDDeun_"P7 w anm that explains basis for EPA 9_ When are barriers effective and 'pa a!nba;sainseaw uotlenuaIli!n!ou slandards. when are they not etfective? -aMIdao3eun AIlewJON='f�1910199 Meuse Sarver Design Handbwk, 10. Describe how the Norse algerd8DaV:mo[@Q l0"Pl 99 '9 federal HIgtlway Administration Assessmenr Guidehnes can be used s6oinos Ile JO)p2sn N uea 1978_Good disc ussiorl of barriers, 10 determineapproprlale mltlgarion r!PUP len$I PUnOS e115Ve QlAe ue s1. I! -5 iechnlcal but readable. measures. JOAl9o9)8ttj%4 e'd eyl'0Dmos a1#; ,# Handbook of Noise Conrrcf,2nd quAwiv pyre speoipej'sAeMttf3!4 -t edition, 1979,MCGraw Hill_A basic aqet0800rrull st 1e4i Canal Asiou technical handbook covering all 1IMA0 ue 591eeta SODMUs 1Er1plAlpu! aspKlsof noilse for those who wish A ueui io palia peurtxu,oa aqt wagm toQo in toIhe subjecl turlhw- St wAlg0id 8siau Aj!un, LLjo3e ,Z e0ewep leDibopWiAsd Exports jo lum%Ayd sasn )o xlmpe leu.uou 4rirr,Sdo;mkui lr asnpoaq -t HUD envrronn*ntai off icers have been trained In the use of the Noise Assessmenf Guidelines and can help you work wittt them.Many architects are trained in acousIiGS arld can help In development of noise attenuation 5 rra l eg+es. 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA An official website of the United States government Here's how you know A United States Environmental Protection MENU Agency Search EPA.gov Clean Air Act Overview CONTACT US <https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/forms/contact-us-about-clean-air-act> Clean Air Act Title IV - Noise Pollution The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments added a new title IV, relating to acid deposition control, without repealing the existing title IV, relating to noise pollution. The U.S. Code designates the original title IV (noise pollution) as subchapter IV and the new title IV (acid deposition control) as subchapter IV-A<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-subchapter-acid- deposition-control>. This page has links to Clean Air Act sections that are part of the U.S. Code Collection maintained by the U. S. Government Publishing Office. EPA does not control the content of that website. https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 1/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA Clean U.S. Air Act Title Section Code Noise abatement Z 201 7641 <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/uscode-2013- title42/html/uscode-2013-title42-chap85-subchapiv- sec7641.htm> Authorization of appropriations Z 7642 <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/uscode-2013- title42/html/uscode-2013-title42-chap85-subchapiv- sec7642.htm> What is Noise Pollution? The traditional definition of noise is "unwanted or disturbing sound". Sound becomes unwanted when it either interferes with normal activities such as sleeping, conversation, or disrupts or diminishes one's quality of life. The fact that you can't see, taste or smell it may help explain why it has not received as much attention as other types of pollution, such as air pollution, or water pollution. The air around us is constantly filled with sounds, yet most of us would probably not say we are surrounded by noise. Though for some, the persistent and escalating sources of sound can often be considered an annoyance. This "annoyance" can have major consequences, primarily to one's overall health. https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:-:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 2/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA Health Effects Noise pollution adversely affects the lives of millions of people. Studies have shown that there are direct links between noise and health. Problems related to noise include stress related illnesses, high blood pressure, speech interference, hearing loss, sleep disruption, and lost productivity. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is the most common and often discussed health effect, but research has shown that exposure to constant or high levels of noise can cause countless adverse health affects. Learn more about the health effects: The Noise Effects Handbook P1 <http://www.nonoise.org/library/handbook/handbook.htm>, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, US EPA, 1981 Noise and Its Effects, [T <http://www.nonoise.org/library/suter/suter.htm>by Dr. Alice H. Suter, Administrative Conference of the United States, November 1991 Protection from Noise Individuals can take many steps to protect themselves from the harmful effects of noise pollution. If people must be around loud sounds, they can protect their ears with hearing protection (e.g., ear plugs or ear muffs). There are various strategies for combating noise in your home, school, workplace, and the community. Learn more about noise pollution prevention: Noise Pollution Clearinghouse [,,;n <http://www.nonoise.org/> https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 3/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA The Role of EPA Under the Clean Air Act, the EPA administrator established the Office of Noise Abatement and Control (ONAC) to carry out investigations and studies on noise and its effect on the public health and welfare. Through ONAC, the EPA coordinated all Federal noise control activities, but in 1981 the Administration concluded that noise issues were best handled at the State and local level. As a result, ONAC was closed and primary responsibility of addressing noise issues was transferred to State and local governments. However, EPA retains authority to investigate and study noise and its effect, disseminate information to the public regarding noise pollution and its adverse health effects, respond to inquiries on matters related to noise, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations for protecting the public health and welfare, pursuant to the Noise Control Act of 1972 and the Quiet Communities Act of 1978. Learn more about the Clean Air Act, Noise Control Act of 1972, and the Quiet Communities Act of 1978: Clean Air Act (Title IV - Noise Pollution) PAI <https://www.govi nfo.gov/content/pkg/uscode-2013-title42/htm l/uscode-2013-title42- chap85-subchapiv-sec7641.htm> The Noise Control Act of 1972 (42USC7641) M <http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/pbs/noise_control_act_of_1972.pdf>(21 pp, 890K, About PDF<https://epa.gov/home/pdf-files>), from U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) The Quiet Communities Act of 1978 174 <https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/95/s3O83/text> https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 4/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA Noise Sources Regulated by EPA EPA or a designated Federal agency regulates noise sources, such as rail and motor carriers, low noise emission products, construction equipment, transport equipment, trucks, motorcycles, and the labeling of hearing protection devices. Past Activities Learn more about these activities: • Press Release Announcing the Establishment of a Noise Labeling Program (1979) <https://epa.gov/history/epa-history-noise-and-noise-control-act> • EPA Workshop on Hearing Protection Devices (PDF) C, <http://www.nonoise.org/epa/hearingpro.pdf>(212 pp, 5.1 MB) - March 27-28, 2003, Noise Pollution Clearinghouse • EPA Docket (#OAR-2003-0024) Labeling of Hearing Protection Devices [7" <https://www.regulations.gov/docket/epa-hq-oar-2003-0024> • Noise Pollution Clearinghouse E,,;n <http://www.nonoise.org> • Fact Sheet - Proposed Revisions to the Product Noise Labeling Regulation for Hearing Protection Devices<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act- overview/fact-sheet-proposed-revisions-product-noise-labeling-regulation-hearing> • Federal Register Notice - Proposed Revisions to the Product Noise Labeling Regulation for Hearing Protection Devices E� <https://www.regulations.gov/document/epa-hq-oar-2003-0024-0040> - August 5, 2009 https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 5/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA Frequently Asked Questions EPA is usually the first line of contact when there are questions regarding noise pollution. However, the roles have shifted and State and local governments have acquired the responsibility of responding to many noise pollution matters. For State Environmental Agencies, see EPA's Health and Environmental Agencies of U.S. States and Territories webpage <https://epa.gov/aboutepa/health-and-environmental-agencies-us-states-and- territories>. Some of the commonly asked questions from the public relate to noises in the community (from your neighbor, boom cars, lawn equipment, etc.) and from commercial businesses (factory, auto mechanic shop, etc.), aviation, railroad/locomotive horn noise, and interstate motor carrier. Resource Center To learn more about noise and the adverse health effects of noise exposure, tools for children and teachers, conferences and workshops, and much more, please visit the following organizations. The following links exit the site • Noise Pollution Clearinghouse E,,;n <http://www.nonoise.org> • Noise Off [T <http://www.noiseoff.org/> • American Speech-Language-Hearing Association ET <http://www.asha.org> • Center for Hearing and Communication [T <http://chchearing.org> (formerly the League for the Hard of Hearing) • National Hearing Conservation Association F,,q. https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 6/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA • Council for Accreditation in Occupation Hearing Conservation [1 <http://www.caohc.org> • American Academy of Audiology [T <http://www.audiology.org> For Kids and Teachers • Noise Pollution Materials for Kids and Teachers - includes coloring books and information brochures suitable for children and educators. <https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/noise-pollution-materials-kids-and-teachers> • Related web sites The following links exit the site o Dangerous Decibels [j�' <http://dangerousdecibels.org> o National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [T <https://www.nidcd.nih.gov> o National Hearing Conservation Association C, Clean Air Act Table of Contents by Title<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act- overview/clean-air-act-text#toc> Clean Air Act Overview Home<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview> Progress Cleaning the Air<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/progress- cleaning-air-and-improving-peoples-health> Air Pollution Challenges<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/air-pollution- current-and-future-challenges> Requirements and History<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air- act-requirements-and-history> https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 7/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA Role of Science and Technology<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean- air-act-solving-air-pollution-problems-science-and-technology> Roles of State, Local, Tribal and Federal Governments <https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/government-partnerships-reduce-air- pollution> Developing Programs Through Dialogue<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act- overview/developing-clean-air-programs-through-dialogue> Flexibility with Accountability<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/building- flexibility-accountability-clean-air-programs> The Clean Air Act and the Economy<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act- overview/clean-air-act-and-economy> Contact Us<https://epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/forms/contact-us-about-clean-air- act> to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. LAST UPDATED ON AUGUST 11, 2022 https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:—:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 8/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA ED S'r4,,, < i Z 2 Q gC PROA�G�` https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/clean-air-act-title-iv-noise-pollution#:-:text=Health Effects&text=Problems related to noise include,sleep di... 9/11 4/17/23,4:48 PM Clean Air Act Title IV-Noise Pollution I US EPA Discover. 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