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October 12, 2012
File: B012423A
Kevin McCarthy, P.E.
KM Engineering, LLP
9233 West State Street
Boise, ID 83714
kevin@kmengllp.com
RE: Preliminary Geotechnical Engineering
Evaluation
Tradewinds Subdivision
Victory and Locust Grove Roads
Meridian. Idaho
Dear Mr. McCarthy
Strata, A Pro fessional Services Corporation (STRATA) has performed our
authorized preliminary geotechnical engineering evaluation for the proposed development
located southeast of the intersection of Victory and Locust Grove Roads in Meridian, Idaho.
Our geotechnical engineering evaluation's purpose was to explore the subsurface
conditions in the proposed development area and provide geotechnical recommendations to
assist project planning, design and construction. The attached report summarizes our field
and laboratory test results and presents our geotechnical engineering opinions and
recommendations.
The northwestern corner of the property is covered by recently placed
undocumented fill, up to approximately 4 feet. Below the recently placed fill and at the
ground surface on the remainder of the project, native silt was encountered. Any future fill
placement will be placed on-site as tested structural fill to the proposed project grading
requirements. The following report provides specific geotechnical recommendations for
preparing the site, over -excavating undocumented fill, earthwork recommendations,
stormwater disposal and pavement design. It is our opinion that geotechnical continuity with
the project team throughout construction will help identify undocumented fill during
earthwork to allow its excavation and/or re -compaction as structural fill below the proposed
infrastructure and building footprint.
The project design and construction team must read, understand and implement this
report in its entirety. Portions of the report cannot be relied upon individually without the
supporting text of remaining sections, appendices and plates. Our opinion is the success of
the proposed construction will depend on following the report recommendations, good
construction practices, and providing the necessary construction monitoring, testing and
consultation to verify that work has been constructed as recommended. We recommend
STRATA be retained to provide construction observation, monitoring, testing and
consultation services to verify our report recommendations are being followed.
8653 W. Hackamore Dr. Boise, Idaho 83709 P.208.376.8200 F.208.376.8201
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REPORT
Limited Geotechnical Engineering Evaluation
Tradewinds Subdivision
Victory and Locust Grove Roads
Meridian, Idaho
Prepared For:
Kevin McCarthy, P.E.
KM Engineering, LLP
9233 W. State St.
Boise, ID 83714
Prepared By:
STRATA, Inc.
8653 W. Hackamore Dr.
Boise, Idaho 83709
P. 208.376.8200
F. 208.376.8201
October 12, 2012
Limited Geotechnical Engineering Evaluation
Tradewinds Subdivision
Meridian, Idaho
INTRODUCTION
Our limited geotechnical engineering evaluation's purpose was to explore the
subsurface soil conditions within the proposed development area located on the southeast
corner of the intersection of Locust Grove and Victory Roads in Meridian, Idaho and provide
recommendations for earthwork, stormwater disposal and pavement design. We accomplished
our services referencing our authorized Proposal dated December 7, 2011. To accomplish our
evaluation, STRATA performed the following services:
1. Coordinated exploration with the local Digline Utility Notification Center to help reduce
the potential for damage to existing utilities.
2. Observed 4 exploratory test pits in the proposed development area extending 7 to 11
feet below existing grade. A professional engineer visually described, classified and
logged soil encountered referencing the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Test
pit locations were loosely backfilled with excavated soil after individual test pit
exploration.
3. Performed laboratory tests with reference to ASTM International (ASTM) procedures
including in-situ moisture, gradation (Minus No. 200 wash) and Atterberg Limit testing.
We utilized these laboratory results to help characterize engineering parameters and to
correlate soil engineering characteristics used in our design and recommendations. Lab
testing results was not complete at the time of this report and will be issued as an
addendum to this report.
4. Performed engineering analyses in order to provide earthwork construction
recommendations. We communicated with KM Engineers to coordinate necessary
elements of design and construction into a specific discussion of the related soil and
geologic conditions. Our engineering analyses provides geotechnical recommendations
for:
sir Earthwork
• Site preparation
• Excavation characteristics
• Wet weather construction
• Structural fill criteria
• Geotextile applications
8653 W. Hackamore Dr. Boise, Idaho 83709 P.208.376.8200 F.208.376.8201
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Tradewinds Subdivision
File: B012423A
Page 3
utilizing a New Holland excavator with a 2 -foot -wide bucket. A professional engineer logged and
visually classified soil encountered in each test pit location referencing the USCS. A brief
explanation of the USCS is included in Appendix A and s hould be us ed to interpret terms
presented on the test pit logs in this report. We obtained disturbed soil samples for
classification and laboratory testing at select depths and locations. At the conclusion of our
subsurface investigation, test pits were loosely backfilled with excavated soil level with the
ground surface. A standpipe piezometer was installed in each test pit, for future groundwater
monitoring. Test pit locations are labeled by the standpipe piezometer for future location during
site survey and/or construction.
SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
Generally, we encountered near surface recently placed undocumented fill in the
northwestern corner of the site and anticipate fill near the southeastern property corner
(reference Plate 1 for anticipated fill limits). Below fill (northwestern corner) and at the ground
surface (majority of site), we encountered native silt, lean clay and silty sand underlain by gravel
soil with depth. It does not appear that the contractor stripped the site of the upper vegetative
layer prior to placing the fill near the northwest corner of the site. Significant vegetation and
organics were observed at the fill to native interface in TP -3 and TP -4 for 1 to 1.5 feet. TP -1
and TP -2 exposed significant vegetation and organics at the ground surface to approximately 1
foot below existing grade.
Underlying recently placed fill in TP -3 and TP -4 and at the ground surface in TP -1 and
TP -2 approximately 3 to 4 feet of silt and lean clay was observed. Recently placed fill consisted
of brown, medium dense silty gravel in TP -3 and TP -4. Brown, stiff and moist to wet silt and
lean clay extended to tan silty sand at 3 to 8 feet below existing grade. Silty sand described as
tan and wet to saturated extended to poorly -graded gravel with sand in each test pit. Poorly -
graded gravel with sand and cobbles described as tan, dense and saturated extended to test pit
termination depths of 7 to 11 feet. We provide specific soil descriptions and contacts on
individual test pit logs in Appendix A.
We observed groundwater in each test pit at depths ranging from 2.6 to 8.3 feet below
existing grade. Groundwater in TP -3 and TP -4 is significantly deeper due to the 4 feet of fill
placed in the northwest corner of the property. In the project vicinity, groundwater is a function
of site development, precipitation and irrigation in the project vicinity. STRATA installed an
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conditioning in order to achieve uniform moisture to reuse on-site silty and clayey soil. It is
critical STRATA work in conjunction with the contractor to help verify the quality and
consistency of the undocumented fill, over -excavation requirement, and/or anomalies in the fill
during construction. Specific recommendations concerning existing fill are discussed below in
the Earthwork section.
GEOTECHNICAL OPINIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
We present the following geotechnical recommendations to assist planning, design and
construction of the proposed development to be located southeast of the intersection of Victory
and Locust Grove Roads in Meridian, Idaho as illustrated on Plate 1, attached to this report.
This report also provides specific geotechnical design criteria for the preliminary development,
which the civil design and construction teams must review to verify the applicability to the
planned structure. We base our recommendations on the results of our field evaluation,
laboratory testing, our experience with similar soil conditions and our understanding of the
preliminary proposed construction. If design plans change or if the subsurface conditions
encountered during construction vary from those observed during our field evaluation, we must
be notified to review the report recommendations and make necessary revisions.
Earthwork
Site Preparation
Underlying undocumented fill and at the ground surface in the majority of the site
significant vegetation and organics was observed to depths of 12 to 18 inches. Soil containing
significant vegetation and organics is not suitable for use as structural fill or to bear structures
over. As such, it must be excavated, removed and stockpiled for reuse as landscape fill, or
removed from the site.
As previously discussed, we observed recently placed undocumented fill up to 4 -feet -
thick at the ground surface near the northwestern corner of the site. Undocumented fill is also
anticipated near the southeastern corner of the site associated with the backfilling of a pond
around 2006, see Plate 1 for estimated fill limits. Prior to placing structural fill for site grading or
constructing residences or pavements, the following should be accomplished:
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may be economically impractical or impossible at certain times of the year, especially during
winter or spring months.
Contractors should also anticipate isolated zones of wet soil during inclement weather
that may require removal and replacement with granular structural fill in foundation or slab
areas. Therefore, the contractor and developer should plan contingencies to remove and
replace wet and disturbed soil with granular structural fill. If significant soft/wet soil conditions
are encountered, the use of a woven geotextile fabric may be necessary. These material
requirements are presented in the Geosynthetics report section.
Allowing time for proper moisture -conditioning during dry weather is critical to reducing
excessive over -excavations and importing granular structural fill. However, depending on the
weather and moisture conditions during construction, drying of fine-grained soil may not be
practical, and over -excavation in conjunction with the use of geosynthetics, may be necessary
to help maintain project schedule. In short, using site soil may be impractical during certain
weather or soil conditions and we recommend you consider necessary contingencies to remove
and replace wet soil. During construction, intersect and divert surface runoff from rainfall or
snowmelt to help reduce water ponding on the project site. Subgrades must always slope and
be exposed to daylight to help direct water away from subgrades after the end of each
construction day or before precipitation.
Structural Fill Criteria
All fill placed for the development must be placed as structural fill. The structural fill
requirements described in Table 1 below, in general correlate to Idaho Standards for Public
Works and Construction (ISPWC) material specifications.
14
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Geosynthetics
Geosynthetic fabrics may be used to improve subgrade support when constructing on
soft or wet soil and for soil improvement applications. Woven geosynthetics are required at all
soil subgrades where moisture -conditioning and re -compaction, as recommended in the Site
Preparation section of this report, is not practical due to wet soil conditions. A woven geotextile
may only be required in localized areas, depending on time of construction. Where required,
apply geosynthetics directly on approved subgrade, taut, free of wrinkles and over -lapped at
least 12 inches. Woven geosynthetic fabrics for subgrade stabilization and soil improvements
shall have the minimum properties of 700 pounds (CBR Puncture, ASTM D6241) and 200
pounds (Grab Tensile Strength ASTM 134632) such as a Contech C200. Non -woven separation
geosynthetic fabrics are applicable for soil separation and for stormwater facilities and should
have a maximum apparent opening size equivalent to the U.S. No. 70 sieve (ASTM D4751), a
minimum weight of 3.5 ounces per square yard and minimum CBR puncture resistance of 200
pounds (ASTM D6241).
Exterior Grading
We recommend the ground surface outside of any structure be sloped a minimum of 5
percent away from the building for 10 feet to rapidly convey surface water or roof runoff away
from foundations. Remaining landscapes should slope at least 2 percent away from structures.
Roof downspouts must be provided and connected to a solid pipe placed away from structures
and not allowed to infiltrate into the soil underlying the structure. Stormwater should be routed
away from disturbed soil areas and should be disposed of in a suitable location as determined
by the site civil engineer. Irrigation adjacent to or within 5 feet of the buildings is discouraged.
Civil site grading and stormwater design must minimize water introduction into the site
soil near structures. The site soil settlement potential will significantly increase upon changing
moisture conditions. Therefore, selecting appropriate stormwater disposal techniques and
positioning them down -gradient and away from structures is an important site design process.
Additionally, careful consideration with respect to the landscape theme and irrigation locations
must be considered.
Stormwater Disposal
We performed a percolation test within the native poorly -graded gravel with sand
encountered at depth in each test pit. We measured a field infiltration rate of greater than 30
V
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Local Roadways - Flexible Pavement (TI = 6.0)
2.5" - Asphalt concrete top course
16.0" -'/-inch-minus, crushed sand and gravel base course
The above -recommended flexible pavement sections are based on a m aximum 20 -
year design life and assumed traffic index (TI) of 6.0 for local subdivision roadway. The
subgrade soil is anticipated to be either silt or lean clay. Based on our experience with lean
clay in the Treasure Valley, we have utilized an R -value of 5 for design based on a lean clay
subgrade. The design team should review these assumptions to ensure the assumed traffic
index will meet the intended use of the pavement areas. If the subgrade is wet at the time
of construction, we recommend a woven geotextile such as Contech C200 be considered
over subgrade prior to placing the subbase course.
The subbase and base course should be consistent with the Structural Fill criteria
above and should be compacted in accordance with the Structural Fill section of this report.
The asphalt concrete for the flexible pavement area should have material properties as
specified in ASTM D-3515 and have a mix design with a maximum aggregate size between
3/4 -inch and 3/8 -inch. The asphalt concrete should be compacted as required by ISPWC
Sections 809 and 810.
Timely maintenance will help reduce the potential for surface water infiltration
through the pavement section and into the underlying subgrade. Poor maintenance and
absence of crack repair of the new pavement may allow saturated conditions to occur in the
section and in the underlying subgrade. The native soil may soften if saturated and
experience a reduction of load bearing capacity. In addition to a reduction in subgrade
strength, saturation of the subgrade soil may also create conditions where frost expansion
or heaving can occur. E ither or both of these occurrences would result in higher
maintenance requirements and a pot entially shortened service life of the pavement.
Therefore, we strongly recommend crack maintenance and slurry sealing be accomplished
in all pavement areas as needed and at least once every 3 to 5 years.
ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED SERVICES
Groundwater Monitoring
The groundwater level should be monitored during upcoming irrigation season to verify
the seasonal high groundwater level beneath the site. A piezometer was installed in each test
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lots and are not assuming the role of geotechnical engineer of record for residential structures.
We recommend individual builders and owners retain a geotechnical engineer to evaluate
foundation subgrade requirements, and observe foundation subgrade excavation. Our
geotechnical findings and opinions have been developed based on the authorized subsurface
exploration and laboratory testing, as well as our understanding of the project at this time. Our
geotechnical design recommendations are specific to the planned design and infrastructure
construction and should not be extrapolated to other future site developments without allowing
adequate geotechnical consultation by STRATA.
Our services consist of professional opinions and f indings made in accordance with
generally accepted geotechnical engineering principles and practices in southwest Idaho at the
time of this report. The geotechnical recommendations provided herein are based on the
premise that appropriate geotechnical consultation during subsequent design phases is
implemented and an adequate program of tests and observations will be conducted by
STRATA during construction to verify compliance with our recommendations and to confirm
conditions between exploration locations. This acknowledgment is in lieu of all warranties either
express or implied.
The following plates accompany this report:
Plate 1: Test Pit Location Plan
Appendix A: Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) &
Exploration Logs
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APPENDIX A
LEAN CLAY, (CL) brown, stiff;
moist
SILTY SAND, (SM) tan,
dense, moist to wet
SAND, (GP) tan, dense, saturated
BG
2.5 CL
SM
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QQ
5.0
0 6''
GP O.n,
3 Client: KM Engineering Test Pit Number: TP -1 EXPLORATORY
t: Project: B012423A Date Excavated: 10-03-2012 Y FR a-r,Y, TEST PIT LOG
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F Backhoe: Bucket Width: 2'
Depth to Groundwater: 2.9' Logged By: BN Sheet 1 Of 1
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REMARKS
REMARKS
USCS Description
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SILT WITH SAND, (native), (ML)
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brown, stiff, moist
Significant vegetation and
organics observed to 6" BGS
ML
LEAN CLAY, (CL) brown, stiff;
moist
SILTY SAND, (SM) tan,
dense, moist to wet
SAND, (GP) tan, dense, saturated
BG
2.5 CL
SM
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QQ
5.0
0 6''
GP O.n,
3 Client: KM Engineering Test Pit Number: TP -1 EXPLORATORY
t: Project: B012423A Date Excavated: 10-03-2012 Y FR a-r,Y, TEST PIT LOG
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F Backhoe: Bucket Width: 2'
Depth to Groundwater: 2.9' Logged By: BN Sheet 1 Of 1
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REMARKS
USCS Description a x
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SILTY GRAVEL, (fill), (GM) brown, '
medium dense, moist
GM
2.5
SILT, With Organics (native), (ML)
black, firm, moist to wet
ML
SILT WITH SAND, (ML) brown, 5.0
BC'
stiff, moist
MIL
LEAN CLAY, (CL) brown, stiff,
moist
CL
7.5
SILTY SAND, (SM) tan, medium
dense, saturated
SM
'
POORLY GRADED GRAVEL WITH 10.0
SAND, (GP) tan, dense, saturated
GP
PQ
Test Pit Terminated at 11.0 Feet.
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Client: KM Engineering Test Pit Number: TP -3
T
-
EXPLORATORY
TEST PIT LOG
Project: B012423A Date Excavated: 10-03-2012
i Backhoe: Bucket Width: 2'
': Depth to Groundwater: 8.2' Logged By: BN
Sheet 1 Of 1